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Theoretical Fountain Design

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Kent Pham

Project Timeline

May 2025 - Jun-2025

OVERVIEW

This project involved the conceptual and analytical design of a large-scale fountain system for Cal Poly’s University Union Plaza, modeled after WET Design’s hydraulic principles. The system incorporated laminar jets, rotating centerpieces, recirculating piping, and multiphase flow behavior. Work included theoretical modeling, fluid-mechanics analysis, Buckingham Pi similitude studies, and full SolidWorks schematics. The final deliverable was a complete engineering memo containing schematics, validated calculations, and system-level recommendations.

HighlightS

Determined the required 1.24-inch pipe diameter using an iterative multipipe solver to meet an 8 ft/s shooter velocity constraint.

Achieved geometric, kinematic, and kinetic similitude in a vertical shooter model using Buckingham Pi analysis (Re, Eu, Fr, We).

Quantified hydrostatic loading on the LED panel (606 lb force) and verified hinge-actuation pressure requirements.

Measured flow rate using a Pitot-static tube and manometer, confirming ~99 gpm pump performance for shooter sizing.

Verified laminar nozzle behavior, computing 12.5 psi wall shear stress and showing turbulence risk (Re ≈ 4.3×10⁶) without straighteners.

Evaluated reaction forces on pipe mounts, identifying a 77 lb horizontal jet-momentum load for structural design.

SKILLS

Fluid-system modeling Schematic developmentPipe Network Modeling Dimensional Analysis (Buckingham Pi) Head-Loss Analysis Flow Measurement

Additional Details

DETAILS

  • Designed the full multi-feature fountain system layout, including laminar shooters, vertical jets, fan jets, the rotating centerpiece, and recirculating piping architecture.

  • Built the hydraulic model using fundamental fluid-mechanics principles: hydrostatics, conservation of mass, momentum analysis, pipe-flow relations, and viscous shear behavior.

  • Created schematics on SolidWorks for the fountain geometry, piping network, manifolds, and routing paths, integrating real site elevation and distance data.

  • Modeled internal pipe-flow behavior to evaluate head loss, flow splitting, pump performance, and velocity requirements for each water feature.

  • Analyzed laminar shooter performance using fully developed flow derivations, verifying shear stress, velocity distributions, and straightener requirements.

  • Developed a scale-model similitude framework using Buckingham Pi (Re, Eu, Fr, We) to predict prototype jet behavior from a 1:4 experimental model.

  • Conducted free-surface flow analysis for the rotating centerpiece to confirm shear stress, flow uniformity, and long-term surface durability under gravity-driven sheet flow.

  • Integrated hydraulic, structural, and manufacturability constraints to deliver a complete engineering justification for system feasibility.




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